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Santa Discovers America
Europeans
first brought Saint Nicholas to America in the fifteenth century. On
his first voyage, Columbus named a port in Haiti for Saint Nicholas;
and the Spaniards originally called Jackson, Florida, "Saint Nicholas
Ferry". When the Dutch emigrated to America they took their beloved
saint with them. At the prow of the ship in which they sailed to the
New World in 1630 was a figure of Saint Nicholas. He wore a
broad-brimmed hat and held a long -stemmed Dutch pipe. But at the same
time the Reformation was fiercely dividing their homeland. A ban was
placed on the celebration of Saint Nicholas Eve, forbidding passing
out of cookies and cakes to children, a custom that had been as
entrenched as our own trick-or-treating on Halloween. Saint Nicholas
never regained his wide popularity and virtually disappeared as 17th
century Dutch New Amsterdam was becoming 18th century English New
York. With their arrival, the Dutch Sinterklaas did become forerunner
for Santa Claus in the United States. German immigrants brought with
them a positive attitude toward Christmas. They brought their custom
of setting out hay in the barnyard for the Christchild's donkey on
Christmas Eve and on Christmas Day finding the basket filled with
snits (dried apple slices), choosets (candy), walnuts and gingerbread.
As the Germans intermarried with the English, the dialect
"Christ-kindle,: from the proper German Christkindlein, became "Kristkingle"
or "Kriss-kingle." Eventually the "Kriss Kringle" replaced the
Christchild figure entirely, a substitute akin to Santa Claus. By the
latter half of the nineteenth century, Kriss Kringle was the most
common Christmas bearer in Pennsylvania.
Pelznickel (Saint Nicholas in furs), another Old World German
Christmas servant, was better known as "Belsnickel. He had been
portrayed as someone out to have some fun by scaring children half to
death, before changing character and giving them sweets. In more
southern states of the America, Belsnickel was said to kidnap bad
children and carry them away to who knows where. Children's
imaginations called up fates worse than anything the adults might
suggest. He rattles at windows with a horsewhip and wrapped around the
wrist of the first child to reach for scattered candy without his
permission. Gradually "Belsnickeling" became the custom of going from
door to door collecting food and money for the poor and survived well
into the present century.
Jon Kankus is similar to Belsnickeling in theme and location.
Children in old Czechoslovakia believed Svaty Mikulas was let down
from heaven on a golden cord by an angel. When he arrived on
Christmas, children rushed to the table to say their prayers. If they
did well, Svaty Mikulas told the angel to give the children presents.
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Our
American Heritage
Santa
Discovers America
Moments
For Mom
Elisabeth
K. Corcoran
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